You can find here the basic principles of the project idea, that were developped in published papers. The Tech4lib technology was developped in a dedicated project.
Here it is possible to find the basic works and papers about the proposed Tech4lib technology, which will be developped in the CARAMEL (“New CArbothermic approaches to Recovery criticAl MEtalsfrom spent Lithium-ions batteries”) project
The patent
The technology was patented and a PCT was realised. Italian patent n. 102022000002351 and PCT/IB2023/051034
The proof of concept of the technology was the basic. See also the newspapes articles.
Some consideration about critical resource abundance
Based on a transdisciplinary approach, in this work, the power law, normally used to model biological systems, is applied for the first time to model the relationship between the abundance of strategic elements and their extraction.
Recent progress in pyrometallurgy for the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries
This work provides an overview of the key aspects and recent advancements in pyrometallurgical processes for LIBs recycling
The basic idea of the technology
This work presents a new and promising method to recover Li, Co, Mn, and Ni from spent LIBs, based on a hybrid heating mechanism, obtained by using microwave radiation. Due to the presence of graphite, the heating is induced by the interfacial polarization of carbon atoms.
Recovery of LCO-lithium battery
In this study, the treatment of the black mass (BM) from spent LCO batteries is explored for the first time using MW–materials interaction under an air atmosphere.
Building a Circular Economy for Lithium: Addressing Global Challenges
Given the critical importance of metals in the ecological transition, this challenge must be approached with the same urgency and global coordination as a pandemic response.
Thermal approaches based on microwaves to recover lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries
This study highlights the innovative results achieved through the application of microwave heating to lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) black mass, showing that mass increase can support the possibility of proposing the technology as a new sustainable approach.
Recovery of NMC-lithium battery
we applied microwave irradiation to the thermochemical treatment of spent nickel manganese cobalt (NMC622) lithium-ion batteries, obtained as a mix of the cathode and the anodic graphite.
Sustainability analysis by the ESCAPE simplified procedure
For technology at low TRL it is not possible to realize standard LCA analysis. Then the ESCAPE procedure can be used.
Sustainability evaluation of a pilot plant for lithium-ion battery recycle
The ESCAPE tool was used to evaluate the sustainability of a new lithium-ion pilot plant